Skip to content

Rhetorical Devices

Rhetoric

Detect rhetorical devices — anaphora, epistrophe, and Free Indirect Discourse.

What It Does

Identifies three rhetorical techniques in prose:

  1. Anaphora — consecutive sentences or clauses beginning with the same word or phrase
  2. Epistrophe — consecutive sentences or clauses ending with the same word or phrase
  3. Free Indirect Discourse (FID) — narration that blends the narrator's voice with a character's thoughts, without explicit "she thought" tags

Why It Matters

Rhetorical devices are tools, not errors. Anaphora ("I have a dream… I have a dream…") creates emphasis through repetition. Epistrophe ("government of the people, by the people, for the people") creates rhythmic closure. Free Indirect Discourse creates intimacy by letting the reader hear a character's inner voice through the narration. This analyzer highlights these devices as information, not warnings — so you know when you're using them and can ensure they're intentional.

What Gets Flagged

Anaphora

Severity: Information

Example (flagged):

Rhetoric: anaphora detected — "Every" begins 3 consecutive sentences

Input:

Every window was dark. Every door was locked. Every path led nowhere.

Epistrophe

Severity: Information

Example (flagged):

Rhetoric: epistrophe detected — "again" ends 3 consecutive sentences

Input:

She lied again. He believed her again. They started over again.

Free Indirect Discourse

Severity: Information

Example (flagged):

Rhetoric: possible Free Indirect Discourse — character voice blending into narration

Input (third-person narration with character's inner voice):

She stared at the letter. What was she supposed to do now? Just pretend everything was fine?

Why FID matters: The questions in the example are the character's thoughts, but they're not attributed with "she thought." This blending is intentional FID — one of the most sophisticated narrative techniques. The analyzer flags it so you can verify you're using it consistently.

Configuration

No configuration options.

Technical Details

  • Source: prose-craft
  • Scope: Line-level (consecutive sentence analysis)
  • Method: First/last word comparison for anaphora/epistrophe; pattern detection (third-person context + unattributed questions/exclamations) for FID